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Работа № 112621
Наименование:
Реферат William Shakespeare the greatest playwright
Информация:
Тип работы: Реферат.
Предмет: Ин. языки.
Добавлен: 14.05.18.
Год: 2017.
Страниц: 14.
Уникальность по antiplagiat.ru: < 30%
Описание (план):
Introduction ... ... ..3 I. Life and Works of William Shakespeare ... ...4 II. The main stages of creativity ... ...7 Conclusion ... ... ..13 Bibliography………... ... ...14
? INTRODUCTION National Unity, uplifting, vibrant cultural life - such was the situation in which at the turn of XVI-XVII centuries unfolded work of William Shakespeare (1564-1616). This saturation is largely due to the nomination of brilliantly gifted man of the people, who apparently never graduated from provincial parochial school, he came to the capital and just a few years became the largest literary and theatrical value. Giving Shakespeare was observed with the first of his works. He found support in a creative environment, headed by the author and the head of the most popular theater troupe of the time, according to reliable testimony of a contemporary, ecstatic worship around him. Although the next epoch of English literature in the face of its greatest representative, Republican poet John Milton adopted and developed this high praise, yet the beginning of the English bourgeois revolution of the XVII century. Shakespeares drama has lost access to the broad audience of the whole people, when the theaters were closed. The revival of Shakespeare, is committed in the transition from the XVII to the XVIII century, they bore the signs of material, including irreversible, losses.? I. Life and Works of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon. Located in the centre of England, the town was (and still is) an important river-crossing settlement and market centre. The register of Stratford’s Holy Trinity Church records Shakespeare’s baptism on 26 April. He is traditionally said to have been born on 23 April. John Shakespeare, Williams father, was a successful Stratford businessman, in the glove-making and wool-dealing trades. He had settled in Stratford by 1552 and later bought property in the town. John Shakespeare married Mary Arden, the daughter of Robert Arden. John and Mary set up home in Henley Street, Stratford, in the house now known as Shakespeare’s Birthplace. John and Mary lost two children before William was born. They had five more children, another of whom died young. As the son of a leading townsman, William almost certainly attended Stratford’s ‘petty’ or junior school before progressing, perhaps at the age of seven, to the Grammar School, which still stands. It is not known what Shakespeare did when he left school, probably at the age of fourteen, as was usual. In November 1582 he married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of Richard Hathaway, a local farmer. Her home, now known as Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, still stands in the village of Shottery, a mile from Stratford. At the time of their marriage William was eighteen and Anne was twenty-six. Their first-born child, Susanna, was baptized on 26 May1583. Two years later twins followed Hamnet and Judith, baptized on 2 February1585. Shakespeare’s elder daughter, Susanna, married John Hall a Stratford physician, in 1607, and gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, the following year. Elizabeth was married twice, to Thomas Nash in 1626, and to John Bernard in 1649. However, she had no children by either husband. Hamnet died in 1596, at the age of 11 and was buried in Stratford on 11 August 1596. The cause of death is unknown. In 1616 Judith married Thomas Quiney, a Stratford vintner, in 1616 by whom she had three sons, Shakespeare Quiney, who died in infancy, and Richard and Thomas, who both died unmarried, early in 1639 within a month of each other. Shakespeare’s reputation was established in London by 1592; in that year another dramatist, Robert Greene, was envious of his success and called him ‘an upstart crow’. Shakespeare’s earliest plays included the three parts of Henry VI, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Titus Andronicus. Shakespeare’s first printed works were two long poems, Venus and Adonis (1593) and The Rape of Lucrece (1594).1n 1594, Shakespeare joined others in forming a new theatre company, under the patronage of the Lord Chamberlain, with Richard Burbage as its leading actor. For almost twenty years Shakespeare was its regular dramatist, producing on average two plays a year. Shakespeare’s success in the London theatres made him wealthy and in 1597 he bought New Place, one of the largest houses in Stratford.Here he probably wrote The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest. In 1598, the author of a book on the arts, Francis Meres, described Shakespeare as the best contemporary dramatist and mentioned twelve of his plays, including A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Richard II and Henry IV... ? CONCLUSION A primary in importance and strength among the giants, nominated by the Renaissance, Shakespeare by comparison has a number of features. Shakespeare did not differ outer versatility, so characteristic of the Renaissance figures, including poets, close to it. On the way Shakespeare did not have significant deviations from the literary and theatrical activity, within which Shakespeare also held a bed, first and foremost drama. With Shakespeare connected a new stage in the full knowledge of reality and its ideological and aesthetic evaluation, ruthless assessment of the emerging bourgeois society and absolutist tyranny, and sober judgment of Renaissance humanism, of his greatness and tragedy. This is the realism of Shakespeare put it like look, imbued with historicism, sometimes spontaneous and sometimes deeply conscious. Shakespeare - the highest expression of the English Renaissance literature, in fact, the whole of English literature: his equal in creative greatness, significance and vitality of his legacy is not in the literary history of England. The national genius, Shakespeare belongs to the genius of European and world literature, a small number of writers who have had and have an intense effect on the development of many national literatures and the entire world spiritual culture. Shakespeares genius did not lie in his ability to originate plots (for almost all of his stories were borrowed from chronicle, biography, prose tale, or earlier play), but rather in his capacity for revealing life in its lull richness and movement Shakespeares plays and sonnets are masterpieces. Shakespeare expressed in them the variety of human nature. All human life is there in his plays, its greatness and its imperfections alike Shakespeare possesses some special merit for every generation, and almost every person in turn. Whether he is writing of history, or love, or tragedy, or comedy, things have meaning and value. It was his genius that gave the world poetry of a deathless beauty. ? BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bagdasarian N.G. Kulturologiya. Uchebnik for students of technical vuzov.M .: Executive. School, 2003.-680 with. 2. Gurevich P.S. Cultural Studies: Textbook. posobie.- AM: Gardariki, 2002 -288 with. 3. Drach G.V. Cultural Studies: Textbook. manual for students vuzov.- Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2005.- 608 p. 4. Drach G.V. Summary lektsiy.- Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2003.-87. 5. Markov A.N. Cultural Studies: Textbook. allowance for vuzov.- M .: UNITY-DANA, 2005.- 319 p.
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